An Understanding Of Novel-Coronavirus Origin From Seafood Market - Wuhan, South China





From the Historical point of view, Chinese cuisine is basically marked by variety and change. From early Dynastic times, Chinese people started domesticate the wild animal as a source of food.
If we consider the psychological and religious aspects, then,
this Pneumonia outbreak(aetiological agent- Novel-CoronaVirus19) is the negative feedback from nature for human race.
Over the last 20 years, various coronaviruses have crossed the species barriers into humans, causing outbreak (Zoonotic Viral Outbreak) of severe and often fatal, respiratory illness. Since SARS-CoV was first identified in animal markets, consecutively many coronaviruses have been discovered in many animals and geographic regions in world. In fact the natural reservoir host for these SARS-related Coronaviruses is Bat and these SARS-related cluster of bat coronaviruses shows potential for human emergence.
The epidemic of 2019-nCoV which caused an epidemic of acute respiratory syndrome in Wuhan, China, which started on Dec,12,2019. It had caused over 3000 confirmed cases and approximately 80 deaths by end of Jan,2020 in China. 

Typical symptoms of these patients are fever, dry cough, breathing difficulties(dyspnoea), pneumonia and headache and these may lead to death of patient in severe cases. Many patients in that outbreak were found having contact history with original seafood market, however, the disease has now progressed to be transmitted by human-human contact. Wuhan Institute of Virology confirmed the causative pathogen for this severe Pneumonia is CoV by diagnosis from the sample collected from the patients. Investigating laboratories found the short region of RNA dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) from a Bat coronavirus (BatCov-RaTG13), which was previously detected in Intermediate Horseshoe Bat from Yunnan Province showed approximately 96.2% sequence Identity to 2019-nCoV. In Investigating laboratories, phylogenetic analysis of full length genome and gene sequences of RdRp and Spike showed that RaTG13 is the closest relative to 2019-nCoV. In addition, 2019-nCoV isolated from the BALF(Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid) of a critically ill patient could be neutralized by sera from several patients. It is also confirmed that, n-CoV uses the same cell entry receptor as uses by SARr-CoV - the ACE-2.
References :-
1) Letko, M., Marzi, A. & Munster, V. Functional assessment of cell entry and receptor usage for SARS-CoV-2 and other lineage B betacoronaviruses. Nat Microbiol 5, 562–569 (2020).
2)Zhou, P., Yang, X., Wang, X. et al. A pneumonia outbreak associated with a new coronavirus of probable bat origin. Nature 579, 270–273 (2020).

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