Crucial Role of Early Nocturnal Sleep to Boost Your Immune System
From very beginning, a question in your mind which is very necessary to understand is
"How Early Nocturnal Sleep Strengthens Your Immune System?"
If someone asks you, what's the necessity to have early nocturnal sleep?
The simple answer is good night's sleep strengthens your immune system, it gives you the boosting power to improves the quality of your T cells of Immune system and it decreases the sympathetic activity and muscle tone which increased during awake period. Investigations of normal sleep-wake cycle proved that immune parameters especially undifferentiated naive T cells and production of pro-inflammatory cytokines exhibits peaks during early nocturnal sleep. On the other hand, role of day wakefulness is also very important which play a key role in peak activation of circulating immune cells of immediate effector functions like Cytotoxic-T cell, natural killer cells, as well as anti-inflammatory Cytokines.
* A killer T cell lymphocyte (bottom) is attacking a cancer cell (top).Coneyl Jay / Getty Images
Although it is difficult to entirely dissect the influence of sleep with the circadian rhythm, comparisons of the effects of nocturnal sleep with those of 24-h periods of wakefulness suggest that sleep facilitates the extravasation of T cells and their possible redistribution to lymph nodes. Investigations reveals that comparing the effects of sleep with that of 24 hours continuous waking, support the view that sleep is very important for initiating the effective adaptive immune responses that eventually produces long lasting immunological memory. Of course there are detrimental effects of prolonged sleep on the Immune functions, so proper sleep is necessary.
Role of T cells in your Immune System:
* This is a colored scanning electron micrograph (SEM) of resting T lymphocytes from a human blood sample.
Steve Gschmeissner / Science Photo Library / Getty Images
T cells are the type of White Blood Cells, which took part in generation of primary immune response in your body. The main function of T cell is to protect your body from cancerous cells and infected cells with pathogen like bacteria and viruses. It armed your body's normal cells from the antigen.
Importance of Early Nocturnal Sleep:-
Comparing the Central Nervous system with the Immune System, both systems share the basic features i.e., they both respond to the external stimuli and generate a memory in multi-step process that involves cell to cell contacts (synapses). There are different stages during memory operations (short term to long term memory conversion) which are being divided into an encoding phase, a consolidation phase this is very important phase in which basic foundation of memory operation is being done, i.e., the conversion of short term in long term store and a recall phase. This kind of division might in its basic features also hold true for the different stages of immunological memory:
Fig. Sleep Supports the Initiation Of Adaptive Immune Response.
According to this proposition, the encoding phase would in the immunological context be represented by the uptake of the antigen (the information which is to be remembered) by Antigen Presenting Cell. The consolidation phase, in which, in the CNS, the crucial information of the newly encoded memory is transferred from its temporary storage site to neuronal networks serving as long-term store, might be represented by the formation of the ‘immunological synapse’ between Antigen Presenting Cell and T cell, during which the antigenic information is forwarded from a short-term (APC) to a long-term (T cell) store. Finally, the recall phase would be represented by the facilitated response of the immune system upon re-encounter of the antigen. It is clear that this is a pure conceptual view and that there are apparent differences between the two systems (cells of the immune system are migratory and act in special compartments and their proliferative capacity clearly outnumbers that of neurons). Nevertheless, the comparison with concepts of neurobehavioural memory formation which is well known to benefit from sleep might also help in understanding how sleep regulates memory formation during adaptive immune responses. Since sleep specifically enhances the consolidation of neurobehavioural memories whereas encoding and recall usually take place during waking, the transfer of this concept to the immune system would implicate that it is also the consolidation phase of immunological memory formation (that is, the formation of the immunological synapse) which mostly benefits from sleep.
‘Sleep enhances the formation of immunological memory’
For more information, kindly follow the references;
Although it is difficult to entirely dissect the influence of sleep with the circadian rhythm, comparisons of the effects of nocturnal sleep with those of 24-h periods of wakefulness suggest that sleep facilitates the extravasation of T cells and their possible redistribution to lymph nodes. Investigations reveals that comparing the effects of sleep with that of 24 hours continuous waking, support the view that sleep is very important for initiating the effective adaptive immune responses that eventually produces long lasting immunological memory. Of course there are detrimental effects of prolonged sleep on the Immune functions, so proper sleep is necessary.
Role of T cells in your Immune System:
Steve Gschmeissner / Science Photo Library / Getty Images
T cells are the type of White Blood Cells, which took part in generation of primary immune response in your body. The main function of T cell is to protect your body from cancerous cells and infected cells with pathogen like bacteria and viruses. It armed your body's normal cells from the antigen.
Importance of Early Nocturnal Sleep:-
Comparing the Central Nervous system with the Immune System, both systems share the basic features i.e., they both respond to the external stimuli and generate a memory in multi-step process that involves cell to cell contacts (synapses). There are different stages during memory operations (short term to long term memory conversion) which are being divided into an encoding phase, a consolidation phase this is very important phase in which basic foundation of memory operation is being done, i.e., the conversion of short term in long term store and a recall phase. This kind of division might in its basic features also hold true for the different stages of immunological memory:
According to this proposition, the encoding phase would in the immunological context be represented by the uptake of the antigen (the information which is to be remembered) by Antigen Presenting Cell. The consolidation phase, in which, in the CNS, the crucial information of the newly encoded memory is transferred from its temporary storage site to neuronal networks serving as long-term store, might be represented by the formation of the ‘immunological synapse’ between Antigen Presenting Cell and T cell, during which the antigenic information is forwarded from a short-term (APC) to a long-term (T cell) store. Finally, the recall phase would be represented by the facilitated response of the immune system upon re-encounter of the antigen. It is clear that this is a pure conceptual view and that there are apparent differences between the two systems (cells of the immune system are migratory and act in special compartments and their proliferative capacity clearly outnumbers that of neurons). Nevertheless, the comparison with concepts of neurobehavioural memory formation which is well known to benefit from sleep might also help in understanding how sleep regulates memory formation during adaptive immune responses. Since sleep specifically enhances the consolidation of neurobehavioural memories whereas encoding and recall usually take place during waking, the transfer of this concept to the immune system would implicate that it is also the consolidation phase of immunological memory formation (that is, the formation of the immunological synapse) which mostly benefits from sleep.
‘Sleep enhances the formation of immunological memory’
For more information, kindly follow the references;
Luciana Besedovsky, Tanja Lange, Jan Born; Pflugers Arch. 2012 Jan; 463(1): 121–137. Published online 2011 Nov 10. doi: 10.1007/s00424-011-1044-0
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